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Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc — Maintenance and Reliability ; 15 4 : — The paper presents an application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process to performance evaluation through a case study of Lithuanian railway traffic safety risk. The results of the performed study show that the application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process method can help railway traffic control managers effectively evaluate the railway infrastructure objects from the perspective of traffic safety risk and make long- term strategic plans for preventing the accidents on railway lines even under difficult economic and transportation conditions.
A model for assessing railway infrastructure objectsfrom the perspective of traffic safety risk,developed and realized by the authors for Lithuanian Railways two real lines, is presented. Finally, basic conclusions and recommendations are given. Keywords: railway traffic risk, infrastructure objects, assessing of traffic risk,Analytic Hierarchy Process AHP method, coefficient of concordance. The Safety Risk Model SRM , which presents quantitative investigation of the po- Traffic safety is one of the main problems facing road and railway tential accidents resulting from the operation and maintenance of the operators in many countries of the world.
Traffic safety situation in Great Britain rail network is widely applied too [12]. SRM comprises Lithuania, despite the progress made in , is still not good enough a total of individual models, each representing a type of hazardous compared to the other European Union countries. The effective control event. Other railway infrastructure components, causing problems to and management of railway traffic, ensuring its safety, requires a com- specialists dealing with the problems of railway traffic safety in the prehensive analysis of the state of the railway infrastructure objects Baltic States, Poland and Finland, are railway stations, freight termi- and systemization of the obtained data.
This would help to develop nals and their sortingtrack yards, pipelines [4, 18, 20]. Thecomponentof railway infrastructure, causing many health and wealth, as well as improving traffic conditions, reducing problems, associated with the collisions of trains with road vehicles harmful effect of rail transport on the environment and ensuring the and human injuries and mortalities, is level crossing.
A comprehensive realization of the general aims, associated with railway traffic safety analysis of level crossings was performed for the period of several and the relationship between railway systems of various countries.
This law defines the rights stitutions. The experts from Great Britain also pay great attention to and responsibilities of the state institutions, developing and imple- increasing traffic safety at railway level crossings with the help of the menting the policy of railway traffic safety, as well as the require- Eksploatacja i N iezawodnosc — Maintenance and Reliability Vol.
Railway infrastructure and identification of risk objects tion and registration of traffic accidents. The railway sidings are private. Railway age made by railway traffic accidents, based on the criteria presented traffic is controlled by the State Inspection of Railways subordinate to in the Lithuanian law on railway traffic safety.
The study of Japanese scientists [17] was conducted to evaluate The investigation and assessment of traffic safety risks associated the effect of potential risk factors — such as driving without a license, with railway infrastructure were performed in three stages: alcohol use, speed, seat belt, and helmet — use on fatality in motor ve- 1. The initial stage, which includes the collection registration hicle traffic accidents.
Human factors play an important role in the oc- of data on the objects of railway infrastructure and their sys- currence of railway traffic accidents too.
They embrace the violation temizing, identification of threats, which may result in traffic of traffic rules, ignorance of road signs and signals by train operators, accidents, expert evaluation of possible damage, the collection their dazzling, tiredness, intoxication, etc. However, of data on the risks associated with the infrastructure objects traffic safety specialists emphasize that technical factors, including and determination of the significance of risk factors.
Railway traffic risk analysis, when the risk level of an object signs, visibility, etc. The results obtained can be used for 3. Traffic risk management, which embraces the selection of the practical purposes if expert judgments are in good agreement [5].
The required or recommended measures, aimed at reducing risks latter may be determined by the concordance coefficient obtained by and associated with a particular object or a set of objects, se- ranking the available alternatives. The paper considers a possibility lected based on particular factors. The calculations reveal the dependence nian Railway infrastructure presenting risk to traffic safety are col- of the agreement of expert estimates on a particular method used.
The lected. The risks presented by the following objects of railway infra- highest degree of agreement has been obtained by using the direct structure to railway traffic safety are considered and assessed by the ranking method.
The effect of equally assessed criteria, i. It was applied to the analy- 5 signalling systems and automatic devices; sis of transport sector, particularly, to the assessment of Lithuanian 6 railway stations and terminals. In the railway line environment, these groups of The main objective ofrailway traffic safety risk evaluation is a criteria factors were evaluated: basic railway infrastructurecomponent — the railway line.
The railway 1 theintensity of railway and road traffic. The 6 the type of the traffic block-system automatic or semi-auto- significance of these criteria is also determined, based on expert matic system ; evaluation, and they are ranked according to this parameter.
After 7 type of the railway line crossing — or not — any settlements ; evaluation of factors influence weight on the analysed railway line 8 the distance to the closest residential building; accident level, the urgent measures of increasing the traffic safety on 9 type of the railway line passing — or not — any stations ; infrastructure object can be ranked.
The authors of the present paper 10 fencing of the railway line; offered the developed model for evaluating safety risk with respect 11 the number of level crossings; to the objects of Lithuanian railway infrastructure. This model was 12 visibility of level crossings in both directions; applied on two Lithuanian Railways real lines situated on the main 13 level crossing lighting present or not present ; transport corridor the IXB trans-European corridor to investigate the 14 the number of automatic switches on the railway line; level of traffic risk and recommend vital means to improve the situa- 15 the number of bridges; tion on these lines.
Suggested estimation process, based on worldwide 16 the number of animal crossings; scientifically grounded methods [3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 16], could be also used 17 the number of viaducts and overpasses; for assessing and managing traffic safety on the railways infrastruc- 18 the number of viaducts over water; ture objects of various country.
Types of objects. Threats typical of a particular object. Factors, increasing the weight of threat criteria. Relative values of factors, increasing the weight of threat cri- 3 the number of pairs of trains per day; teria.
Factors, decreasing weight of threat criteria control measures 5 category of level crossing intensity of road and train traffic ; are offered. The level of damage caused by the realized threat. The determination of the railway infrastructure objects risk model 3. Identification of traffic accident threats on railways The application of the created model was demonstrated by consid- The analysis of the data on railway traffic safety risks allowed the ering two railway lines, representing Lithuanian Railways infrastruc- authors to identify the main threats as follows: ture.
Their brief description is given below. Investigating railway traffic accidents. The investigator of railway safety risks, having found the 11 the number of level crossings — 1 unit; cause of the traffic accident, should check if this cause had 12 the type of level crossings — 1 unregulated level crossing the already been registered as the risk factor in the traffic safety 3rd category level ; evaluation model.
It is found, taking into account the factors given below: 15 the smallest radius of the road curve on the railway line: 1. Human safety. Direct and indirect financial losses: a even route — m; a due to infrastructure damage; b odd route — m.
The 3rd category is 51— trains and — vehi- cles per day according Lithuanian classification of level crossings. Threats considered in the risk management model 4. Evaluating the factors, which increasing weight the Three threats common for the railway linewere chosen to reveal threat criteria, by using the AHP method the operation of the risk estimation model: Ranking is not the only method of comparing various objects.
Ex- 1 Human injury T1. They may also determine the values of the For each of these 3 threats, the factors, increasing theweight of criterion weights by the method of pairwise comparison. In this case, criteria, were identified below in the text. If we wish to The first threat T1. This is not difficult to do because any 2 T1F2 Intense railway traffic more than 50 pairs of trains per method shows the significance of the objects as well.
Experts compare all es- 4 T1F4 The railway in the state of track repair with traffic ac- timated factors criteria in pairs. Saaty devised a consistency test to distinguish the consistent 7 T2F7 Irregular straight railway track gauge lower than comparisons with acceptable deviations from the inconsistent com- mm or higher than mm ; parison with unacceptable deviations. If the value C. An example of determining the values of the weights of threat The third threat T3. Create Alert Alert.
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