However, the term of depressed classes was found not to be favorable and in the census was replaced by the term exterior castes. Here it is important to note that such categorization in the census was followed by the Scheduled Caste Order of that officially recognized the listing of castes in every province of India.
The official listing of castes and tribes was justified on the grounds that these social groups have remained underprivileged and discriminated by the higher castes. Hence, it was imperative for the state to protect their interest which in turn required a clear idea of the population of each group.
Accordingly, the Govt. One alarming fact is that it is believed that the state granting privileges to the SCs and STs has strengthened caste identities. In order to assess the progress and achievement of Government policies in raising the socio-economic status of SCs and STs, it was essential to collect data on the demographic and socio-economic conditions of these categories.
The census was thought to be the most appropriate method to do so. But the Govt. One of the reasons could be that the Government was afraid of the resurgence of more than caste and sub-caste identities, which could demolish the secular and democratic foundation of independent India. Keeping this in mind the Government of India has ceased the enumeration of caste since the census with the only exception of the enumeration of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.
Before the Census began, there was an argument to include enumeration of all castes in the census. In the early s the Mandal Commision, further suggested monitoring the progress of OBCs after 20 years.
But, this argument was not favored by the Central Government and the proposal to enumerate all castes was turned down by the Ministry of Home Affairs, which controls the census organization. As can be clearly seen this is obtained by combining religions and the two social categories of SC and ST. Overall, it can be seen that modern India has always proposed the creation of broader and more homogeneous communities in contrast to the British who mainly focused on revealing enormous differentiations and differences.
Welfare state is the goal of every developing country. Promoting equity, therefore, places itself in the agenda of every government. India had been a laden with stark inequalities over the decades and it still remains a challenge before every policy maker.
The government has set in place several affirmative actions and policies based on caste and has drafted programmes that are directly oriented to the rural areas to bridge the glaring differences among its citizens.
Measuring the success of such government programmes is essential to determine whether they should be continued, altered or withdrawn. Data collection and analysis in itself is a huge challenge in the country, owing to the huge population. But our census has shown success to a great degree in overcoming this hindrance.
But Census, as it had been practiced over the years does not include tools to collect all relevant information. It turned a blind eye towards several factors that affect the national socio-political environment and failed to trace the socio economic trajectory that the population of the nation underwent during the last six decades and more.
While there is wide agreement throughout the nation that it is the duty of the state to eliminate poverty and inequalities, the critics fail to understand the need for adequate data to substantiate the government programmes aimed at the same. Lack of information, information being the most important factor of decision making, reduces the performance of any policy drastically. Due to this timely alterations of policies and interventions elude the government hands.
Currently, the government uses the caste data from the Census to ascertain the coverage of the various positive discrimination programmes. This leads to a situation where the entire government approach towards the different castes is heavily based on unreliable and outdated data. This has led to increasing instances of same castes treated differently under different programmes over the years.
Sixty five years after independence has seen several efforts from the government to eliminate caste form the Indian society. Yet little progress has been made in this regard. Pretending to ignore its presence is no way to eliminate it. What is required is accepting caste as any other social variable and addressing it to analyse the shifts in the socio-demographic contours of the nation.
She cites the examples of the matrimonial advertisements, the Indian army still being organized as Jhat, Dogra, Sikh and Rajput Regiments etc to illustrate that caste is all pervasive in the society irrespective of the efforts of the government. Therefore understanding the social hierarchy of caste and the relative strengths and weaknesses of every group is essential in ensuring the distribution of benefits in the economy which are aimed at promoting equality.
The first official recommendation for a Caste-wise enumeration was put forward by the Kalekkar Commission of , which proposed that caste should be a criterion for assessing backwardness. The Mandal Commission report which was presented in the required a caste based Census to be undertaken so as to effectively implement its recommendations. Present day caste has more of a political role than a socio-cultural role. In the absence of an alternative source to reliable data, the central as well as the states governments were forced to heed the opinion of the different caste leaders as well as consider the statistics given by them in drafting policies.
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